Page 118 - Chemistry_Form_2

Chemistry
for Secondary Schools

Questions
1. Which substances are acidic and which ones are basic?
2. How relevant is this activity to your daily life?

FOR ONLINE READING ONLY
Task 5.3

Explore in books, internet sources and substances used at home or school to
identify natural substances that contain acids or bases, then write a summary.

Neutralisation reaction

If an acid and a base are mixed together in correct amounts, a neutral solution
is produced. A reaction of this type is called neutralisation. Neutralisation is
therefore, a reaction between an acid and a base to produce salt and water. It is
essentially the reaction between the hydroxide ions found in the basic solution
and the hydrogen ions found in an acidic solution. The reaction is referred to as
neutralisation because the resulting products are neither basic nor acidic.

Neutralisation reactions that involve the reaction of an acid with a carbonate or
hydrogencarbonate produce carbon dioxide gas in addition to salt and water.

The following are examples of neutralisation reactions between bases and dilute
acids:

Nitric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide to yield potassium nitrate and water.

Sulfuric acid reacts with calcium hydroxide to yield calcium sulfate and water

Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate to yield sodium chloride, water,
and carbon dioxide gas.

Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydrogencarbonate to yield sodium
chloride, water, and carbon dioxide gas.

Student’s Book Form Two 111

01/08/2025 11:21:04
CHEMISTRY FORM TWO NEW 2025 DUMMY.indd 111 01/08/2025 11:21:04
CHEMISTRY FORM TWO NEW 2025 DUMMY.indd 111