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y
y N(x , y )
2 1 2 Tanzania Institute of Education
FOR ONLINE READING ONLY
y
1 P(x , y )
1 1
O x 1 x
Figure 6.4: A vertical line PN with undefined gradient
The gradient of the line joining the two points P( , )xy and N( , )xy can be
1
1
2
1
obtained as follows:
y − y
m = 2 1 .
x − x 1
2
But, x = x 2 and y ≠ 2 . y It implies that,
1
1
y − y
m = 2 1
x − x 1
1
y − y
= 2 1
0
Mathematics Form One
Note that, there is no real answer when a number is divided by 0. This is
generally referred to as undefined. Since the gradient of PN is undefined, then
the line PN is vertical.
127
Mathematics form 1.indd 127
25/09/2025 15:01:33
Mathematics form 1.indd 127 25/09/2025 15:01:33
